Project Management Infomaton System - 48477 Words

PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Guidelines for Planning, Implementing, and Managing a DME Project Information System Rodolfo Siles, 2004 CARE DME-IS GUIDELINES â€Å"Knowledge about how to treat such a simple ailment as diarrhea has existed for centuries but millions of children continue to die from it because their parents do not know how to save them†¦.Fighting poverty requires a global strategy to share knowledge systematically and energetically and to ensure that people who need that knowledge get it on time†. The World Bank Page 2 CARE DME-IS GUIDELINES Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 6 1.1 Preface†¦show more content†¦120 6.4 Collecting and gathering the information.................. 124 6.5 Organizing and storing Information ......................... 132 6.6 Reporting and Sharing Information ......................... 140 6.7 Using the Information ........................................... 146 6.8 Evaluating the Process and the Information.............. 149 6.9 Improving the Information Process ......................... 153 7. INFORMATION PLAN ........................................................ 157 7.1 Introduction......................................................... 159 7.2 Information Requirements ..................................... 160 7.3 Information Collection ........................................... 161 7.4 Information Analysis ............................................. 168 7.5 Reporting Information ........................................... 170 7 .6 Historical Information............................................ 171 7.7 Access to Information ........................................... 172 7.8 Personnel ............................................................ 173 7.9 Technology .......................................................... 175 7.10 Internal Controls ................................................. 178 7.11 Implementation Strategies.................................... 179 7.12 Monitoring the DME-IS ......................................... 180 7.13 Evaluating and Improving DME-IS.......................... 184 7.14

Walking Down Memory Lane Park Free Essays

Salina Vang Narrative Description-FFD Mr. Henshaw APELC 8 June 2011 Walking Down Memory Lane Park Whenever I think of Projects Park it brings back many memories because it was in the neighborhood where I spent my childhood years. Even though it was just for a small portion of my life, for one of the longest times it was the place where I had the best memories of courageous acts. We will write a custom essay sample on Walking Down Memory Lane Park or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project Park was where I experienced the feeling of always being around others my age and it where I met the coolest people and made the best friendships, some of whom I am still friends with today. It was the place where at that point in time I lived my life to the fullest. Projects Park was located in isolation on its own block at the very end of the road. During the daytime children from all over the neighborhood came to play with their family and friends, me included. However when the sun went down night crept in turning the sky an ominous shade of antiquity and along with it, it brought creatures of the night to roam among the site. One evening upon entrance to the park I remembered the story someone once told me, â€Å"one could see the glare of two floating red eyes following those who meandered around the park at night. Rejecting the thought, but still a bit superstitious I entered the park anyways. As the sun went down it created an illusion as if the shadows were waking up from their dark crevices. I was standing at the foot of a shadow from a tall tree towering over me. The sun setting turned those tree-branches into arms grazing along the cement seeming as if they w anted to grab me. At the further end of the block a tall street lamppost lit up a dim fire dull enough just to see the path of the park. Night had come and it was so quiet my eardrums hurt and ever step I took sent chills down my body. As I approached the swings I noticed the echoes of my footsteps had just suddenly started lasting longer than they should have. I took another step with my left foot, stopped, and then heard the brisk echo of another step after that. Looking down at my left foot, it was exactly where I had left it, somehow, the long echoed steps had not stopped, but were now storming towards me faster and louder than ever like a violent beating thunderstorm. Immediately, I turned around and in that instant, it stopped, a split second of dead silence. Something was definitely wrong. I felt like a hole had been punched right through me sending waves of fear down my back making my hair stand at their ends. My sudden instincts told me to approach the swings for comfort. However I remembered that I had caught seeing a swing move on its own accord before; as if someone was riding on its seat. The feeling of terror, noticeably aroused in my appearance by now, made me want to run for the wide open field. The open field was the highly vivid field of wherein games were held because of its noticeable boundaries of where the green grass ended and the sharp concrete cement began. Now after dark, it seemed to lay awaiting and full of hunger for something to step onto its surface so it could suck them into its dark ruptured depths. It, during the daytime acted as a virtuous grass field wherein competition took its place. It was the place in the park where cries of victories could be heard and where one could also seek for rivalry. Suddenly just filled with thoughts of competition I was overcome with memories and had forgotten about the dark surrounding me. One of the games always played was Kick the Can. This game’s boundary took up the whole neighborhood allowing for a lot of space. It was one of my favorite games because there was always one person â€Å"it†. Their goal was to spot every other player and try to get them out, at the same time, guarding the base containing the can. However with one person on one team and everyone else on the rivalry team it created several disadvantages. Players on the team with more people crouched between slits in the earth and hid within the shadows waiting for that intense moment when their rival finally looked away. At last with the opportunity they jumped out of their hiding places running as fast as their legs could carry them for the chance to â€Å"kick the can. † It was the only way to free all of their teammates from jail. Moreover for me personally the best part was being the person hiding from the rival. I loved the feeling of running from the enemy, acting like I was a ninja hiding against walls, climbing up trees, and maneuvering my way behind fences to escape the chance of being caught. At the time, I thought it was the perfect space for me to roam around freely and still feel comfortable and safe because most of the people living in the neighborhood were friendly and didn’t mind the company. Unfortunately, there were those who disliked it and I did my best to avoid them. One again acknowledging my surroundings, I built up the courage to keep walking along the path as if everything was normal. I recalled the best of times shared here in this park with my friends, where we had our best of times playing, talking and sharing our amazing made up stories of us coming together to be a complete family. It was also the place where we all learned how to ride our first bike and to ride our first roller blades after falling on our hands and knees countless times but getting up repeatedly to try all over again. Now walking along the path I remember the time when one of my best childhood friends, Michael Cheng, the cute little boy who secretly held a crush on me, chased me along the path while I ran for my life from the despair of being hugged and at risk of being contaminated with â€Å"boy cooties†, and it made me laugh. Sadly I regret that I no longer keep in contact with Michael. If I could go back to the day he moved away, I wouldn’t even think twice about asking him for a contact number. With the feelings of fear, courage, and sadness all mixed within me, I felt crossed. Then looking back at the path I had just walked and up towards the now barely visible tree that seemed to be taunting me before, I had one last thought before I left the park that night. Standing under the dim light post, I remembered Michael, the boy who I had been running so horridly from; it had happened that he was the first boy who I had ever received my first hug from. With that flashback, it gave my stomach the faint distinct feeling of rapture evanesce that left me with a bright hint of a smile on my face as I walked away from memory lane park. Today, even though I no longer live in the neighborhood of Projects Park, whenever I visit the place, there is still a part of me that can connect to the park, making it feel like home. I’m thankful that I still keep in contact with a couple friends from the neighborhood and usually, whenever we get together, we can still go on for hours telling each other about our lives of growing up together in the projects. Sadly, I don’t keep in contact with most of my friends from the hood any longer. We have been separated by hundreds and thousands of miles far and wide, but, there is one thing I know we all still have in common, the family connection we had within Projects Park that will never be forgotten. In fact, to me, it feels just like yesterday that I was little kid, out freely roller skating, carelessly chasing friends, and enjoying my life to its fullest. How to cite Walking Down Memory Lane Park, Essay examples

Economics and Quantitative Analysis Unemployment

Questions: 1. Explain why real GDP might be an unreliable indicator of the standard of living. 2. Why does unemployment arise and what makes some unemployment unavoidable? 3. Consider the following statement: When the average level of prices of goods and services rises, inflation rises? Do you agree or disagree? Explain. 4. What is the aggregate demand (AD) curve and why does it slope downwards? Explain. 5. What is the long run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve and why is it vertical? Why does the short run aggregate supply curve slope upwards? Answers: 1. Williams (2013) pointed out that GDPs reflection on the nations true health is inadequate, and, he proposed replacement by more comprehensive measures. He argued that it doesnt include the happiness of citizens in its measurement of which is a good indicator of well-being. It does not include household production in its measure which makes it underestimate the total production (McTaggart, Parkin and Findlay, 2012). So the increment in GDP is from a decrease in household production. The underground economic activities have a significant contribution in the economy and is not included in the GDP measure. The standard of living is overstated by the real GDP since new problems of health and life expectancy are faced each year and are not included in its measurement. There is a problem arising when comparing the standard of living between countries since there is a condition that the real GDP have to be converted into a similar currency units. On the other hand, goods and services for different countries are priced differently; real GDP comparison requires that they be priced the same which is not possible. Real GDP does not take into consideration the value of leisure and clean environment. Most importantly, it doesnt take into consideration the distribution of income; the real GDP could be very high but some people are living in the poverty trap. Therefore using real GDP to conclude that the economy has a high standard of living is not practical as it have ignored many factors. 2. Unemployment arise because there are new entrants into the job market freshly from schools. This group is not willing to enter in some jobs even if they have no income. They opt to wait for the job that match their skills to arise. During the search period, they are considered unemployed; this is frictional unemployment. This is unavoidable in an economy since matching of the students skill with the employee in need of the skills held may take some significant amount of time (Jee, 2016). The other group is the reentrants into the labour market; some people get discouraged from getting a job and exit the labour market. After some time, these people may decide to get back and find some job. There is another group of the job leavers; they are not satisfied with the returns they get from their current job. They therefore leave their job and begin the search for a new job. They are also said to be frictionally unemployed. This is also unavoidable since some employees offer little returns and some employees engage in such jobs before they get a better job. Technology is growing every day and new firms are emerging posing competition to the old ones (Blobbert, 2016). This creates a need for advanced skills. This explains why structural unemployment is unavoidable. The unavoidability is present since both people and businesses are making transitions in life stages. 3. I agree. The definition of inflation by Harvey (2011) affirms my agreement. Ill base my argument on Harveys argument that money growth is not responsible for causing inflation. He argued that on the real world, the assumption in which the basis for money growth causing inflation is founded does not hold. The existence of money occurs when its added to a portfolio of assets. This may be by borrowing money or by selling securities to the central bank. This two scenarios do not allow the money supplied by the central bank to exceed the demand for money. Harveys argument was that it is inflation that happens first and is accompanied by money growth. How? When the average price level of goods and services rise, inflation rises; the initial income level for the households become insufficient to buy the original consumer bundle. They therefore borrow more from banks and sell the securities they held to the fed causing money growth. Money growth is part of the demand-pull argument for causing inflation. There is also the cost-push argument where rising cost of production pushes up the price for the final products. Such cost increments may result from; when wages and salaries in an economy rise, cost of production is high and therefore price for products go up causing inflation (Dr. Econ, 2002). Other factors include; increase in the price of imported intermediate goods and capital, natural disaster and increased profit margin. 4. Aggregate demand is the model used by economists in the determination of national income. It is a representation of the combination of goods and services demanded by all individuals. This demand is given at different price levels in the economy. Accordingly, AD curve is a curve derived when the all output levels in an economy are plotted against the different price levels. Just like any other demand curve for individual goods, the AD obeys the demand laws; it is thus downward sloping. This is an indicator of inverse relationship. Since its not possible to hold income and price of other goods constant in the economy as for individual demand curves, there are three different explanations for this. One the wealth effect where money supply is assumed to be constant. As price rise, wealth reduces, purchasing power reduced, people become poorer and cut their demand; the opposite is true (Kalpana, 2009). The second is the interest rate effect where more money is needed by households as price go up to enable them service their transactions. Since money supply is held constant, an expansion in money demand results in high interest rate, subsequently spending is reduced (Pettinger, 2014). The last reason is net export effect where rising domestic prices makes imports cheaper and exports expensive; imports demand goes up and exports demand falls. This results in a reduced net exports (Morton and Goodman, 2003). 5. The long run aggregate supply (AS) curve is a vertical curve indicating the output level firms produce in the long run to the price level. It is obtained when the general price level is plotted against the real GDP. In the long run, the factors of production are allowed to change (they are not fixed). The supply by firms is independent and varies as per the expected economic profits. In the long run, the AS curve is only affected by labour, capital and technology since other factors are assumed to be optimally used. The vertical curve is explained by the fact that nominal wages and price of products change by the same percentage (Tucker, 2010). The short run AS curve slopes upward because of two major reasons. One is that of sticky-wage model where wages are set in contracts and cannot change immediately with the expansion of the economy. So in the short run it doesnt and to the cost of production. Therefore, the series of a price rise causing growth of output is as follows. Price rises, nominal wage remain fixed, real wage falls, labour become cheap, firms hire more, output expands. Second is worker-misperception model where wages are allowed to vary. In this case, firms raise the nominal wage of workers as price rises. Since workers assume real wages have gone up, they are induced to supply more labour and output expands (Mankiw, 2007). The factors of production are fixed in the short run. References Blobbert, (2016). Why does unemployment arise and what makes some unemployment unavoidable. [Online] Answers.com. Available at: https://www.answers.com/Q/Why_does_unemployment_arise_and_what_makes_some_unemployment_unavoidable [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Dr. Econ, W. (2002). What are some of the factors that contribute to a rise in inflation? [Online] Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Available at: https://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2002/october/inflation-factors-rise/ [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. Harvey, J. (2011). What Actually Causes Inflation (and who gains from it). [Online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/johntharvey/2011/05/30/what-actually-causes-inflation/#683a50a54ad2 [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. Jee, S. (2016). Unemployment in Developing Countries. [Online] Economics Discussion. Available at: https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/unemployment-essays/unemployment-in-developing-countries/10389 [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Kalpana, S. (2009). Textbook on economics for law students. [Place of publication not identified], Universal Law Publishing. Mankiw, N. (2007). Principles of macroeconomics. Mason, OH, Thomson South-Western. McTaggart, D., Parkin, M. and Findlay, C. (2012). Microeconomics. 1st ed. French Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia. Morton, J. and Goodman, R. (2003). Advanced placement economics. 1st Ed. New York, N.Y.: National Council on Economic Education. Pettinger, T. (2014). Why is the Aggregate demand (AD) curve downward sloping? | Economics Help. [Online] Economicshelp.org. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/11437/economics/why-is-the-aggregate-demand-ad-curve-downward-sloping/ [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. Williams, R. (2013). Why the GDP is not a good Measure of a Nation's Well Being. [Online] Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201309/why-the-gdp-is-not-good-measure-nations-well-being [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Tucker, I. (2010). Macroeconomics for today. Mason, OH, South-Western Cengage Learning.